苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

黄瓜幼叶细胞中钙调素的免疫胶体金定位

 采用免疫胶体金电镜技术对黄瓜幼叶叶肉细胞中的钙调素(CaM)进行定位。结果表明：适温下生长的黄瓜幼苗叶肉细胞中的CaM主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体内，细胞核中CaM主要存在于染色质和核仁上，叶绿体中CaM主要存在于类囊体膜上；线粒体中也有一定量的CaM分布；细胞质、液泡、液泡膜及质膜上只有少量CaM存在；而细胞壁和细胞间隙却很难发现显示CaM存在的金颗粒。     

纳米微粒材料生物学活性研究进展

综述了纳米微粒的生物学效应及其免疫调节、抗菌、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性.     

猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法

应用免疫学原理与胶体金层析技术相结合，采用双抗原夹心法建立了检测猪伪狂犬病抗体水平的“猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫胶体金快速检测试纸法”，用该法与美国Idexx公司的猪伪狂犬病ELISA试剂盒，同时对16纷猪血液或血清进行抗体水平检测，符合率达100％。同时使用金标法对100份猪血液和对应血清进行检测，结果也相同。试验结果显示．金标法与ELISA一样，具有微量、特异、准确等优点，且操作简易，而金标法不需要任何仪器，检测时间短．结果直观，容易判定，适用于基层兽医站、养猪场使用和大面积猪伪狂犬病抗体普查。     

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality,immune response,zinc retention,and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on the performance, egg quality, Zn retention, immunity responses, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), egg malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum parameters in laying hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 laying hens at 64 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates, and 12 birds within each group. Experimental diets included a corn‐soybean meal‐based diet (without Zn supplementation) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg of Zn‐oxide, ZnO‐NPs, and Zn‐methionine. The results indicated that egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the Zn‐methionine and ZnO‐NPs groups (p < .05). Also, eggshell thickness and shell strength increased in the ZnO‐NPs group as compared with the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased egg loss (p < .05). There were significant differences among treatments in Zn deposition in tibiotarsus, liver, pancreas, eggs, and excreta (p < .01). Antibody titre, heterophil (%(, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly higher in birds fed with Zn‐supplemented diets (p < .05). In treatments supplemented with ZnO‐NPs and Zn‐methionine, the SOD activity in the liver, pancreas, and plasma was greater as compared with the other treatments (p < .05). The MDA content in eggs was significantly reduced in groups supplemented with Zn (p < .01). Moreover, dietary Zn supplementation significantly affected serum total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, and Zn level (p < .05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with ZnO‐NPs can improve the performance of laying hens. Therefore, ZnO‐NPs can enhance zinc absorption in the intestine of aged layers and can be a more suitable source of zinc than regular Zn‐oxide in diets.     

Inhibitory effect of AuNPs-Endostar on melanoma lung metastasis in mice

AIM: To observe the influence of gold nanoparticles combined with Endostar (AuNPs-Endostar) on the melanoma lung metastasis of mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice (n=24) were selected for constructing the model of spontaneous lung metastasis of melanoma B16-F10 cells. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into Endostar group, AuNPs group, AuNPs-Endostar group and model group. After the formation of melanoma, the mice in each group were injected with different drugs through tail vein for 0.1 mL daily. After 9 d, the mice were narcotized for cutting the tumors in situ. After the operation, they were raised for 2 weeks before killed for obtaining the lung tissues to observe the situation of the metastasis. HE staining was utilized for observing the necrosis status of the tumors in situ, while immunostaining was applied for testing the expression of CD31, carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), vimentin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the tumors. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the pulmonary metastasis in the groups with medical treatment was obviously reduced. In AuNPs-Endostar group, the metastasis inhibition rate was the highest, and the tumor necrosis was also decreased obviously, with the significant reduction of CD31, CA-IX and vimentin expression in the tumors and significant increase in ZO-1 expression. CONCLUSION: Compared with using Endostar or AuNPs alone, the combination of AuNPs with Endostar significantly improves the curative effect of inhibiting the pulmonary metastasis of melanoma in the mice. The mechanism may be related to reducing the tumor angiogenesis, norma-lizing the blood vessels and improving tumor hypoxia, thus inhibiting the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increasing the tight junctions between tumor cells and decreasing the invasiveness.     

皂化改性菠萝皮生物吸附剂对TVOC的吸附?

对农林废弃物菠萝皮进行化学改性处理,以去除大气中的TVOC有害气体,减轻大气污染的同时实现废弃物的多次循坏再利用,为吸附剂的研究与空气净化提供借鉴。利用二次正交旋转回归以及单因素实验对皂化改性菠萝皮吸附剂的制备工艺以及吸附条件优化；对渣粒径、温度和加入量进行单因素分析；利用吸附等温、动力模型拟合试验探究机理；通过BET、SEM及FTIR对样品进行表征；采用横向对比试验与其他材料对比吸附效果并探讨吸附剂的重复利用能力。结果表明：无水乙醇与氢氧化钠体积比为1:2.8,浸泡时间为6 h,离心时间为13 min,预测值Ymax=8.2759%；渣粒径60目、温度22℃、加入量3g为最佳单因素条件；吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温模型(R2=0.9926),吸附状态为多分子层多位点吸附；遵循二级动力学模型(R2=0.9757),即以化学吸附为主的物理化学双重吸附过程；比表面积显著增大、孔隙率升高,表面褶皱增多,且酰胺N-H基团、-OH等有效基团参与吸附；横向对比试验证明吸附效果在1%水平上显著优于其他四种吸附材料,即改性菠萝皮>硅藻土>活性炭>竹炭>树脂,且至少可重复利用7次以上。     

SiO2纳米颗粒对黄瓜“新唐山秋瓜”幼苗根系 解剖结构和气体交换的影响

硅是地壳内含量第二丰富的元素。近年来,人们开始探索硅的纳米材料在农业领域的运用。为更好地将二氧化硅纳米颗粒应用于园艺植物生产,以黄瓜栽培品种新唐山秋瓜(Cucumissativuscv."QiuguaofNew Tangshan")为材料,采用盆栽的方式研究不同施入量下(0、5、10和20m L)浓度为30%的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜根系解剖结构、根毛形成、黄瓜叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换的影响。结果表明,二氧化硅纳米颗粒对黄瓜的根系解剖结构并没有显著的影响,但对根毛形成的影响较大,在每盆20m L二氧化硅溶液条件下的根毛密度最高。施入不同量的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜叶片光合色素含量均有提高但并不明显,且在较低施入浓度下,光合作用机制得到一定的提高。黄瓜叶片的净光合速率随着二氧化硅施入量的增加逐渐增加,但施入量对蒸腾速率的影响不明显。综上,二氧化硅纳米颗粒通过促进根毛形成以及提高净光合速率能够提高植物的生长机理,进而促进植物生长和产量的提高,将其运用于农业生产及园艺作物生产上具有广阔前景。     

农田水样中微囊藻毒素-LR拉曼检测方法的研究

本研究建立了基于表面增强拉曼散射技术(Surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)的农田水样中微囊藻毒素-LR(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR)的检测方法。采用柠檬酸钠还原法制备金种(Au nanoparticles,Au NPs),通过媒介增长法制备了刺状金纳米颗粒(Spiny gold nanoparticles,SGNPs),使用紫外-可见吸收光谱(Ultraviolet visible,UV-vis)、透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)和探针分子(对巯基苯甲酸,4-mercaptobenzoic acid,4-MBA)对SGNPs进行了表征及鉴定。研究以三角状金纳米颗粒作为基底,选择MC-LR在1 007 cm~(-1)和1 309 cm~(-1)处的特征峰作为定量峰,激光器激发波长为785 nm,积分时间20 s,建立检测方法。本研究建立的检测方法在1.0～100 000μg·L~(-1)的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,检测限(LOD)和回收率分别为1.0μg·L~(-1)和80%～102%,使用本方法对镇江市内运粮河及古运河的灌溉水样进行检测,MC-LR的检出率为40%,含量最高达1.81μg·L~(-1),检测结果与LC-MS/MS比对,相关系数为0.84。本研究建立的方法快速准确,前处理简单,能满足农田水样中MC-LR的现场快速检测的要求。     

Nutritional significance of amino acids,vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

Nutraceuticals have gained immense importance in poultry science recently considering the nutritional and beneficial health effects of their constituents. Besides providing nutritional requirements to birds, nutraceuticals have beneficial pharmacological effects, for example, they help in establishing normal physiological health status, prevent diseases and thereby improve production performance. Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in modern poultry flocks, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. The application of antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug residues; therefore, they have been restricted in many countries. Thus, there is a demand for natural feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of the animals’ normal physiological functions and in protecting them against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.